Endosulfan
Action/Use:
- Acaricide/Miticide
- ;
- Insecticide
Use:
For use on cereal, citrus, coffee, deciduous, fiber and forage crops, forest, nuts, oil crops, ornamentals, rice, small fruits, tea, tobacco, vegetables. Controls tsetse fly.
Identification
Common Name(s): Endosulfan (ANSI, ISO, BSI, ESA, CSA); ; Benzoepin (JMAF); ; Thiodan (USSR)
Chemistry
Class: Chlorinated hydrocarbon.
Properties: Tech (mixture of 2 isomers). Melting points 109.2°C, 213.3°C. Density approx. 1.8 at 20°C. Readily soluble in most organic solvents.
Mode of Action / Resistance Management
Chemical Group: cyclodiene organochlorines
Mode of Action: GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists
Action Group: IRAC Group 2A
Registration
U.S.A.: Registrants have reached agreement with U.S. EPA to voluntarily phase out all uses over a four-year period ending July 31, 2016.
Outside U.S.A.: Malix* registered in Australia, Brazil, India.
Global: Banned in more than 75 countries including the EU. The review committee of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants has agreed that endosulfan should be considered for addition to the list of chemicals banned globally with a decision in 2011.
Environmental Guidelines
Hazards: Fish, Bird: Toxic. Bee: Moderately toxic (direct application). Relatively nontoxic to beneficials.
Water Solubility: Tech insoluble
Safety Guidelines
Signal Word: DANGER-POISON (Most form.), DANGER (Tech)
Toxicity Class: I, I
Toxicity: Tech (Rat): Oral LD50 160 mg/kg (male), 22.7 mg/kg (female). (Rat): Dermal >500 mg/kg, (Rabbit) 359 mg/kg
Handling/storage Cautions: Do not breathe dust, spray mist. Wash hands immediately after handling. Do not store in or around home. Do not store near heat, open flame, or hot surfaces
Protective Clothing: Long-sleeved shirt and long pants. Waterproof gloves. Shoes plus socks. Approved respirator.
Suppliers and Branded Products
Basic Producers:
AAKO B.V. (AKODAN*)
Agriphar S.A. (Chimac* Endo, Spendos*, Sulfanex*)
Bayer CropScience (Malix*)
Excel Crop Care Limited (Endocel*)
Hindustan Insecticides Ltd. (Hildan*)
Indiclay (Endo-Tox*)
Insecticides (India) Limited (Endoin*)
Krishi Rasayan Exports Pvt. Ltd. (Rasayansulfan*)
M/S Modern Insecticides Ltd. (Flash*)
Makhteshim Agan Group (Thiodan*, Thionex*)
Milenia Agrociencias S.A. (Dissulfan*)
Sulphur Mills Limited (Endosul*)
Zagro Singapore Pte. Ltd. (Fezdion*)
Formulators' Trade Names:
Agrolex Pte. Ltd. (Amisulfan*)
Agroquimicos Versa, S.A. de C.V. (Sufan*)
Agsin Pte. Ltd. (Ex-Borer*)
Chemiplant S.A. (Master*)
Crystal Chemical Inter-America (Thionate*)
Devidayal Sales Limited (Devisulfan*)
Dhanuka Agritech Ltd. (Endodhan*)
Dupocsa, Protectores Quimicos para el Campo S.A. (Thionate*)
Forward International Ltd. (Amisulfan*)
Gupta Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. (Endosun*)
Ingenieria Industrial, S.A. de C.V. (Algodan*, Brasuolfan*)
Insecticidas Internacionales, C.A. (Thionil*)
K & N. Efthymiadis S.A. (Afidanil*)
Kilpest India Ltd. (Kildofan*)
Koruma Tarim A.S. (Korsulfan*)
Multiplex Fertilizers Pvt. Ltd. (Nagsulfan*)
Nagarjuna Agrichem Ltd. (Speed*)
Parijat Industries (India) Pvt. Ltd. (Agridan*)
Polsas Chemicals and Machinery Co. (Thiosulfan*)
Probelte S.A. (Protodan 35*)
Quimica Lucava, S.A. de C.V. (Lucasulfan*)
Rallis India Ltd. (Endotaf*)
SAFA TARIM A.S. (Megasulfan*)
The Scientific Fertiliser Co. Pvt. Ltd. (Sicosulfan*)
B.V. Industrie- & Handelsonderneming Simonis (Wopro-endosulfan*)
SM-BT Co., Ltd. (Sae Thiolix*)
Sree Ramcides Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. (R Sulfa*)
TRAGUSA (Tratamientos Guadalquivir S.L.) (Tradan*)
United Phosphorus Ltd. (Cekulfan*, Thiokill*)
Willowood Ltd. (Fan*)
Premix Products:
+ Chlorpyrifos
- Polirac*
- Pyrinex Forte* — Aragonesas Agro, S.A.
+ lambda-Cyhalothrin
- Polka* — Insecticidas Internacionales, C.A.
+ Cypermethrin
- Cyperfan* — Agriphar S.A.
- Endohyper* — Excel Crop Care Limited
- Faraon* — Insecticidas Internacionales, C.A.
+ Deltamethrin
- Combo DE* — Devidayal Sales Limited
+ Dimethoate
- Demecor* — Agriphar S.A.
+ Methomyl
- Endomil* — Insecticidas Internacionales, C.A.
- Methofan* — Makhteshim Agan Group
- Metofan Forte* — Aragonesas Agro, S.A.
+ Methyl Parathion
- Megasulfan Methyl* — SAFA TARIM A.S.
- Sulfanex Methyl*
- Thiosulfan-methyl* — Polsas Chemicals and Machinery Co.
Discontinued Names:
Benefit*
Chloroble Fort*
Drifene* A.P.
Dusolan*
Endocide*
Endocide Plus*
Endosan*
Endosol*
Endozol*
Golden Leaf*
Hekthionex Methyl*
Hektionex*
Heliodan*
Insectophene*
Kop Thiodan*
Laipuran*
Methyl Parathion 2 Thiodan*
Metofan*
Mitac* E
Phaser*
Rolfan*
Serk*
Sulfadon*
Sutene*
Tiovel*
Vegfru Thiotox*
